Table Of Contents

Cisco IOS File System Commands

cd

delete

dir

erase

file prompt

format

fsck

mkdir

more

pwd

rename

rmdir

show configuration

show file descriptors

show file information

show file systems

squeeze

undelete

verify

write erase

write terminal

Cisco IOS File System Commands

---

This chapter describes the commands used to configure the Cisco IOS File System (IFS) in Cisco IOS Release 12.0.

For IFS configuration tasks, refer to the "Configuring the Cisco IOS File System" chapter in the Cisco IOS Release 12.0 Configuration Fundamentals Configuration Guide.

cd

To change the default directory or file system, use the cd EXEC command.

cd [filesystem:]

Syntax Description

filesystem:

(Optional) URL of the directory or file system followed by a colon.

Defaults

The initial default file system is flash:. For platforms that do not have a physical device named flash:, the keyword flash: is aliased to the default Flash device.

If you do not specify a directory on a file system, the default is the root directory on that file system.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

For all EXEC commands that have an optional filesystem argument, the system uses the file system specified by the cd command when you omit the optional filesystem argument. For example, the dir command, which displays a list of files on a file system, contain an optional filesystem argument. When you omit this argument, the system lists the files on the file system specified by the cd command.

Examples

The following example sets the default file system to the Flash memory card inserted in the slot 0:

Router# pwd 

bootflash:/

Router# cd slot0: 

Router# pwd 

slot0:/

Related Commands

Command	Description
copy	Copies any file from a source to a destination.
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
pwd	Shows the current setting of the cd command.
show file systems	Lists available file systems.
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

delete

To delete a file on a Flash memory device, use the delete EXEC command.

delete flash-url

Syntax Description

flash-url

URL of the file to be deleted.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

When you delete a file, the software simply marks the file as deleted, but it does not erase the file. This feature allows you to later recover a "deleted" file using the undelete command. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times. To permanently delete all files marked "deleted" on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command.

If you attempt to delete the configuration file or image specified by the CONFIG_FILE or BOOTLDR environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion. Also, if you attempt to delete the last valid system image specified in the BOOT environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm the deletion.

Examples

The following example deletes the file named test from the Flash card inserted in slot 0:

Router# delete slot0:test 

Delete slot0:test? [confirm]

Related Commands

Command	Description
cd	Changes the default directory or file system.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
show bootvar	Displays the contents of the BOOT environment variable, the name of the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the contents of the BOOTLDR environment variable, and the configuration register setting.
squeeze	Permanently deletes Flash files by squeezing a Class A Flash file system.
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

dir

To display a list of files on a file system, use the dir EXEC command.

dir [/all] [filesystem: | file-url]

Syntax Description

/all	(Optional) Lists deleted files, undeleted files, and files with errors.
filesystem:	(Optional) File system or directory containing the file(s) to list followed by a colon.
file-url	(Optional) Name of the file(s) to display on a specified device. The files can be of any type. You can use wildcards in the filename. A wildcard character (*) matches all patterns. Strings after a wildcard are ignored.

Defaults

The default file system is specified by the cd command. When you omit the /all keyword, the Cisco IOS software displays only undeleted files.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use the show filesystems command to display more detail about the files in a particular file system.

Examples

The following is sample output from the dir command:

Router# dir slot0:

Directory of slot0:/

  1  -rw-     4720148   Aug 29 1997 17:49:36  hampton/nitro/c7200-j-mz

  2  -rw-     4767328   Oct 01 1997 18:42:53  c7200-js-mz

  5  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:09:32 rally

  7  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:37:13  the_time

20578304 bytes total (3104544 bytes free)

Router# dir /all slot0:

Directory of slot0:/

  1  -rw-     4720148   Aug 29 1997 17:49:36  hampton/nitro/c7200-j-mz

  2  -rw-     4767328   Oct 01 1997 18:42:53  c7200-js-mz

  3  -rw-     7982828   Oct 01 1997 18:48:14  [rsp-jsv-mz]

  4  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:09:17  [the_time]

  5  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:09:32  rally

  6  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:37:01  [the_time]

  7  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:37:13  the_time

Table 15 described the fields shown in these displays.

Table 15 dir Field Descriptions 

Field	Description
1	Index number of the file.
-rw-	Permissions. The file can be any or all of the following: •d—directory •r—readable •w—writable •x—executable
4720148	Size of the file.
Aug 29 1997 17:49:36	Last modification date.
hampton/nitro/c7200-j-mz	Filename. Deleted files are indicated by square brackets around the filename.

Related Commands

Command	Description
cd	Changes the default directory or file system.
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

erase

To erase a file system, use the erase EXEC command.The erase nvram: command replaces the write erase command and the erase startup-config command.

erase filesystem:

Syntax Description

filesystem:

File system name followed by a colon.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

When a file system is erased, none of the files in the file system can be recovered.

The erase command can be used on both Class B and Class C Flash file systems only. To reclaim space on Flash file systems after deleting files using the delete command, you must use the erase command. This command erases all of the files in the Flash file system.

Class A Flash file systems cannot be erased. You can delete individual files using the delete command and then reclaim the space using the squeeze command. You can also use the format command to format the Flash file system.

On Class C Flash file systems, space is dynamically reclaimed when you use the delete command. You can also use either the format or erase command to reinitialize a Class C Flash file system.

The erase nvram: command erases NVRAM. On Class A file system platforms, if the CONFIG_FILE variable specifies a file in Flash memory, the specified file will be marked "deleted."

Examples

The following example erases the NVRAM, including the startup configuration located there:

erase nvram:

The following example erases all of partition 2 in internal Flash memory:

Router# erase flash:2   

System flash directory, partition 2:

File  Length   Name/status

  1   1711088  dirt/images/c3600-i-mz  

[1711152 bytes used, 15066064 available, 16777216 total]

Erase flash device, partition 2? [confirm]

Are you sure? [yes/no]: yes

Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased

The following example erases Flash memory when Flash is partitioned, but no partition is specified in the command:

Router# erase flash:

System flash partition information:

Partition   Size     Used    Free    Bank-Size   State       Copy-Mode

    1       4096K    2048K   2048K   2048K       Read Only   RXBOOT-FLH

    2       4096K    2048K   2048K   2048K       Read/Write  Direct

[Type ?<no> for partition directory; ? for full directory; q to abort]

Which partition? [default = 2]

The system will prompt only if there are two or more read/write partitions. If the partition entered is not valid or is the read-only partition, the process terminates. You can enter a partition number, a question mark (?) for a directory display of all partitions, or a question mark and a number (?number) for directory display of a particular partition. The default is the first read/write partition.

System flash directory, partition 2:

File  Length   Name/status

  1   3459720  master/igs-bfpx.100-4.3

[3459784 bytes used, 734520 available, 4194304 total]

Erase flash device, partition 2? [confirm] <Return>

Related Commands

Command	Description
boot config	Specifies the device and filename of the configuration file from which the router configures itself during initialization (startup).This command is only available on Class A file system platforms.
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
more nvram:startup-config	Displays the startup configuration file contained in NVRAM or specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. See the more command for details.
show bootvar	Displays the contents of the BOOT environment variable, the name of the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the contents of the BOOTLDR environment variable, and the configuration register setting
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

file prompt

To specify the level of prompting, use the file prompt global configuration command.

file prompt [alert | noisy | quiet]

Syntax Description

alert	(Optional) Prompts only for destructive file operations. This is the default.
noisy	(Optional) Confirms all file operation parameters.
quiet	(Optional) Seldom prompts for file operations.

Defaults

alert

Command Modes

Global configuration

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to change the amount of confirmation needed for different file operations.

This command affects only prompts for confirmation of operations. The router will always prompt for missing information.

Examples

The following example configures confirmation prompting for all file operations:

file prompt noisy

format

To format a Class A or Class C Flash file system, use the format EXEC command.

Class C Flash file systems

format filesystem1:

Class A Flash file system

format [spare spare-number] filesystem1: [[filesystem2:][monlib-filename]]

---

Caution Reserve a certain number of memory sectors as spares, so that if some sectors fail, most of the flash memory card can still be used. Otherwise, you must reformat the flash card when some of the sectors fail.

---

Syntax Description

spare	(Optional) Reserves spare sectors as specified by the spare-number argument when formatting Flash memory.
spare-number	(Optional) Number of the spare sectors to reserve on formatted Flash memory. Valid values are 0 to 16. The default value is zero.
filesystem1:	Flash memory to format followed by a colon.
filesystem2:	(Optional) File system containing the monlib file to use for formatting filesystem1 followed by a colon.
monlib-filename	(Optional) Name of the ROM monitor library file (monlib file) to use for formatting filesystem1. The default monlib file is the one bundled with the system software. When used with HSA and you do not specify the monlib-filename, the system takes ROM monitor library file from the slave image bundle. If you specify the monlib-filename, the system assumes that the files reside on the slave devices.

Defaults

The default monlib file is the one bundled with the system software.

The default number of spare sectors is zero (0).

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to format Class A or C Flash memory file systems.

In some cases, you might need to insert a new PCMCIA Flash memory card and load images or backup configuration files onto it. Before you can use a new Flash memory card, you must format it.

Sectors in flash memory cards can fail. Reserve certain Flash memory sectors as "spares" by using the optional spare argument on the format command to specify between 0 and 16 sectors as spares. If you reserve a small number of spare sectors for emergencies, you can still use most of the Flash memory card. If you specify 0 spare sectors and some sectors fail, you must reformat the Flash memory card, thereby erasing all existing data.

The monlib file is the ROM monitor library. The ROM monitor uses this file to access files in the Flash file system. The Cisco IOS system software contains a monlib file.

In the command syntax, filesystem1: specifies the device to format and filesystem2: specifies the optional device containing the monlib file, used to format filesystem1:. If you omit the optional filesystem2: and monlib-filename arguments, the system formats filesystem1:, using the monlib file already bundled with the system software. If you omit only the optional filesystem2: argument, the system formats filesystem1:, using the monlib file from the device you specified with the cd command. If you omit only the optional monlib-filename argument, the system formats filesystem1: using filesystem2:'s monlib file. When you specify both arguments—filesystem2: and monlib-filename—the system formats filesystem1:, using the monlib file from the specified device. You can specify filesystem1:'s own monlib file in this argument. If the system cannot find a monlib file, it terminates its formatting.

---

Caution You can read from or write to Flash memory cards formatted for Cisco 7000 series Route Processor (RP) cards in your Cisco 7200 and 7500 series, but you cannot boot the Cisco 7200 and 7500 series from a Flash memory card formatted for the Cisco 7000 series. Similarly, you can read from or write to Flash memory cards formatted for the Cisco 7200 and 7500 series in your Cisco 7000 series, but you cannot boot the Cisco 7000 series from a Flash memory card formatted for the Cisco 7200 and 7500 series.

---

Examples

The following example formats a Flash memory card inserted in slot 0:

Router# format slot0:

Running config file on this device, proceed? [confirm]y

All sectors will be erased, proceed? [confirm]y

Enter volume id (up to 31 characters): <Return>

Formatting sector 1 (erasing)

Format device slot0 completed

When the console returns to the EXEC prompt, the new Flash memory card is successfully formatted and ready for use.

Related Commands

Command	Description
cd	Changes the default directory or file system.
copy	Copies any file from a source to a destination.
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
show file systems (Flash file system)	Lists available file systems.
squeeze	Permanently deletes Flash files by squeezing a Class A Flash file system.
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

fsck

To check a Class C Flash file system for damage and repair any problems, use the fsck EXEC command.

fsck [/nocrc] filesystem:

Syntax Description

/nocrc	(Optional) Skips CRC checks.
filesystem:	File system to check.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command is only valid on Class C Flash file systems.

Examples

The following example checks the flash: file system:

Router# fsck flash:

Fsck operation may take a while. Continue? [confirm]

flashfs[4]: 0 files, 2 directories

flashfs[4]: 0 orphaned files, 0 orphaned directories

flashfs[4]: Total bytes: 8128000

flashfs[4]: Bytes used: 1024

flashfs[4]: Bytes available: 8126976

flashfs[4]: flashfs fsck took 23 seconds.

Fsck of flash: complete

mkdir

To create a new directory in a Class C Flash file system, use the mkdir EXEC command.

mkdir directory

Syntax Description

directory

Name of the directory to create.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command is only valid on Class C Flash file systems.

If you do not specify the directory name in the command line, the router prompts you for it.

Examples

The following example creates a directory named newdir:

Router# mkdir newdir

Mkdir file name [newdir]?

Created dir flash:newdir

Router# dir

Directory of flash:

  2  drwx           0   Mar 13 1993 13:16:21  newdir

8128000 bytes total (8126976 bytes free)

Related Commands

Command	Description
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
rmdir	Removes an existing directory in a Class C Flash file system.

more

To display a file, use the more EXEC command.

more [/ascii | /binary | /ebcdic] file-url

Syntax Description

/ascii	(Optional) Displays a binary file in ASCII format.
/binary	(Optional) Displays a file in hex/text format.
/ebcdic	(Optional) Displays a binary file in EBCDIC format.
file-url	URL of the file to display.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.
12.0(1)	This command was integrated into the 12.0 mainline release.

Usage Guidelines

The more nvram:startup-config command replaces the show startup-config command and the show configuration command. The more system:running-config command replaces the show running-config command and the write terminal command.

---

Note The show startup-config and show running-config commands continue to function, but now act as command aliases for the more versions of these commands.

---

You can use this command to display configuration files:

•The more nvram:startup-config command displays the startup configuration file contained in NVRAM or specified by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable. The Cisco IOS software informs you whether the displayed configuration is a complete configuration or a distilled version. A distilled configuration is one that does not contain access lists.

•The more system:running-config command displays the running configuration.

These commands shows the version number of the software used when you last changed the configuration file.

You can also display files on remote systems using the more command.

Examples

The following partial sample output displays the configuration file named startup-config in NVRAM:

Router# more nvram:startup-config

!

! No configuration change since last restart

! NVRAM config last updated at 02:03:26 PDT Thu Oct 2 1997

!

version 12.0

service timestamps debug uptime

service timestamps log uptime

service password-encryption

service udp-small-servers

service tcp-small-servers

...

end

The following is partial sample output from the more nvram:startup-config command when the configuration file has been compressed:

Router# more nvram:startup-config

Using 21542 out of 65536 bytes, uncompressed size = 142085 bytes

!

version 12.0 

service compress-config

!

hostname rose

!

...

The following partial sample output displays the running configuration:

Router2# more system:running-config

Building configuration...

Current configuration:

!

version 12.0

no service udp-small-servers

no service tcp-small-servers

!

hostname Router2

!

...

!

end

Related Commands

Command	Description
boot config	Specifies the device and filename of the configuration file from which the router configures itself during initialization (startup).This command is only available on Class A file system platforms.
service compress-config	Compresses startup configuration files.
show bootvar	Displays the contents of the BOOT environment variable, the name of the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the contents of the BOOTLDR environment variable, and the configuration register setting.

pwd

To show the current setting of the cd command, use the pwd EXEC command.

pwd

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use the pwd command to show what directory or file system is specified as the default by the cd command. For all EXEC commands that have an optional filesystem argument, the system uses the file system specified by the cd command when you omit the optional filesystem argument.

For example, the dir command contains an optional filesystem argument and displays a list of files on a particular file system. When you omit this filesystem argument, the system shows a list of the files on the file system specified by the cd command.

Examples

The following example shows that the present working file system specified by the cd command is slot 0:

Router> pwd

slot0:/

The following example uses the cd command to change the present file system to slot 1: and then uses the pwd command to display that present working file system:

Router> cd slot1:

Router> pwd

slot1:/

Related Commands

Command	Description
cd	Changes the default directory or file system.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.

rename

To rename a file in a Class C Flash file system, use the rename EXEC command.

rename url1 url2

Syntax Description

url1	Original path name.
url2	New path name.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command is valid only on Class C Flash file systems.

Examples

In the following example, the file named Karen.1 is renamed test:

Router# dir

Directory of disk0:/Karen.dir/

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:29  Karen.1

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:29  Karen.2

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:29  Karen.3

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:31  Karen.4

243  -rw-         165   Jan 21 1998 09:53:17  Karen.cur

340492288 bytes total (328400896 bytes free)

Router# rename disk0:Karen.dir/Karen.1 disk0:Karen.dir/test

Router# dir

Directory of disk0:/Karen.dir/

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:29  Karen.2

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:29  Karen.3

  0  -rw-           0   Jan 21 1998 09:51:31  Karen.4

243  -rw-         165   Jan 21 1998 09:53:17  Karen.cur

  0  -rw-           0   Apr 24 1998 09:49:19  test

340492288 bytes total (328384512 bytes free)

rmdir

To remove an existing directory in a Class C Flash file system, use the rmdir EXEC command.

rmdir directory

Syntax Description

directory

Directory to delete.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command is valid only on Class C Flash file systems.

Examples

The following example deletes the directory named newdir:

Router# dir

Directory of flash:

  2  drwx           0   Mar 13 1993 13:16:21  newdir

8128000 bytes total (8126976 bytes free)

Router# rmdir newdir

Rmdir file name [newdir]?

Delete flash:newdir? [confirm]

Removed dir flash:newdir

Router# dir

Directory of flash:

No files in directory

8128000 bytes total (8126976 bytes free)

Related Commands

Command	Description
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
mkdir	Creates a new directory in a Class C Flash file system.

show configuration

The more nvram:startup-config command replaces the show configuration command. Refer to the more command for further details.

show file descriptors

To display a list of open file descriptors, use the show file descriptors EXEC command.

show file descriptors

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

File descriptors are the internal representations of open files. You can use this command to see if another user has a file open.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show file descriptors command:

Router# show file descriptors

File Descriptors:

   FD  Position  Open  PID  Path

    0    187392  0001    2  tftp://dirt/hampton/c4000-i-m.a

    1    184320  030A    2  flash:c4000-i-m.a

Table 16 describes the fields show in this display.

Table 16 show file descriptors Field Descriptions 

Field	Description
FD	File descriptor. The file descriptor is a small integer used to specify the file once it has been opened.
Position	Byte offset from the start of the file.
Open	Flags supplied when opening the file.
PID	Process ID of the process that opened the file.
Path	Location of the file.

show file information

To display information about a file, use the show file information EXEC command.

show file information file-url

Syntax Description

file-url

URL of the file to display.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show file information command:

Router# show file information tftp://dirt/hampton/c2500-j-l.a

tftp://dirt/hampton/c2500-j-l.a:

  type is image (a.out) [relocatable, run from flash]

  file size is 8624596 bytes, run size is 9044940 bytes [8512316+112248+420344] 

  Foreign image

Router# show file information slot0:c7200-js-mz

slot0:c7200-js-mz:

  type is image (elf) []

  file size is 4770316 bytes, run size is 4935324 bytes

  Runnable image, entry point 0x80008000, run from ram

Router1# show file information nvram:startup-config

nvram:startup-config:

  type is ascii text

Table 17 describes the possible file types.

Table 17 Possible File Types 

Types	Description
image (a.out)	Runnable image in a.out format.
image (elf)	Runnable image in elf format.
ascii text	Configuration file or other text file.
coff	Runnable image in coff format.
ebcdic	Text generated on an IBM mainframe.
lzw compression	Lzw compressed file.
tar	Text archive file used by the CIP.

show file systems

To list available file systems, use the show file systems EXEC command.

show file systems

Syntax Description

This command has no arguments or keywords.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.3 AA	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

Use this command to learn the names of the file systems your router supports.

Examples

The following is sample output from the show file systems command:

Router# show file systems

File Systems:

     Size(b)        Free(b)   Type     Flags  Prefixes

           -           -    opaque     rw   null:

           -           -    opaque     rw   system:

           -           -    opaque     ro   xmodem:

           -           -    opaque     ro   ymodem:

           -           -   network     rw   tftp:

           -           -   network     rw   rcp:

           -           -   network     rw   ftp:

*    4194304     4190616     flash     rw   flash:

      131066      129185     nvram     rw   nvram:

           -           -    opaque     wo   lex:

Table 19 describes the possible file systems.

Table 18 show file systems Field Descriptions

Type	Description
Size(b)	Amount of memory in the file system, in bytes.
Free(b)	Amount of free memory in the file system, in bytes.
Type	Type of file system.
Flags	Permissions for file system.
Prefixes	Prefix for file system.

Type	Description
disk	The file system is for a rotating medium.
flash	The file system is for a Flash memory device.
network	The file system is a network file system (TFTP, rcp, FTP, etc.).
nvram	The file system is for an NVRAM device.
opaque	The file system is a locally generated "pseudo" file system (e.g., the "system") or a download interface, such as brimux.
rom	The file system is for a ROM or EPROM device.
tty	The file system is for a collection of terminal devices.
unknown	The file system is of unknown type.

Table 19 describes file system flags.

Table 19 Possible File System Flags 

Flag	Description
ro	The file system is Read Only.
rw	The file system is Write Only.
wo	The file system is Read/Write.

squeeze

To permanently delete Flash files by squeezing a Class A Flash file system, use the squeeze EXEC command.

squeeze filesystem:

Syntax Description

filesystem:

Flash file system followed by a colon.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.1	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

When Flash memory is full, you might need to rearrange the files so that the space used by the files marked "deleted" can be reclaimed. When you issue the squeeze command, the router copies all valid files to the beginning of Flash memory and erases all files marked "deleted." At this point, you cannot recover "deleted" files and you can write to the reclaimed Flash memory space.

In addition to removing deleted files, the squeeze command removes any files that the system has marked as error. An error file is created when a file write fails (for example, the device is full). To remove error files, you must use the squeeze command.

---

Note The squeeze operation might take as long as several minutes because it can involve erasing and rewriting almost an entire Flash memory space.

---

Examples

The following example instructs the router to permanently erase the files marked "deleted" from the Flash memory card inserted in slot 1:

squeeze slot1:

Related Commands

Command	Description
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
undelete	Recovers a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system.

undelete

To recover a file marked "deleted" on a Class A or Class B Flash file system, use the undelete EXEC command.

undelete index [filesystem:]

Syntax Description

index	Number that indexes the file in the dir command output.
filesystem:	(Optional) File system containing the file to undelete.

Defaults

The default file system is the one specified by the cd command.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

For Class A and B Flash file systems, when you delete a file, the Cisco IOS software simply marks the file as deleted, but it does not erase the file. This command allows you to recover a "deleted" file on a specified Flash memory device. You must undelete a file by its index because you could have multiple deleted files with the same name. For example, the "deleted" list could contain multiple configuration files with the name router-config. You undelete by index to indicate which of the many router-config files from the list to undelete. Use the dir command to learn the index number of the file you want to undelete.

You cannot undelete a file if a valid (undeleted) one with the same name exists. Instead, you first delete the existing file and then undelete the file you want. For example, if you had an undeleted version of the router-config file and you wanted to use a previous, deleted version instead, you could not simply undelete the previous version by index. You would first delete the existing router-config file and then undelete the previous router-config file by index. You can delete and undelete a file up to 15 times.

On Class A Flash file systems, if you try to recover the configuration file pointed to by the CONFIG_FILE environment variable, the system prompts you to confirm recovery of the file. This prompt reminds you that the CONFIG_FILE environment variable points to an undeleted file. To permanently delete all files marked "deleted" on a Flash memory device, use the squeeze command.

On Class B Flash file systems, you must use the erase command to recover any space taken up by deleted files.

Examples

The following example recovers the deleted file whose index number is 1 to the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0:

undelete 1 slot0:

Related Commands

Command	Description
delete	Deletes a file on a Flash memory device.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
squeeze	Permanently deletes Flash files by squeezing a Class A Flash file system.

verify

To verify the checksum of a file on a Flash memory file system, use the verify EXEC command.

verify filesystem:[file-url]

Syntax Description

filesystem:	Flash memory filesystem. For example flash: or slot0:.
file-url	URL of the file to verify. Generally this consists only of the filename, but you may also specify directories, separated by forward-slashes (/).

Defaults

The current working device is the default device.

Command Modes

EXEC

Command History

Release	Modification
11.0	This command was introduced.

Usage Guidelines

This command replaces the copy verify and copy verify flash commands.

Use the verify command to verify the checksum of a file before using it.

Each software image that is distributed on disk uses a single checksum for the entire image. This checksum is displayed only when the image is copied into Flash memory; it is not displayed when the image file is copied from one disk to another.

To display the contents of Flash memory, use the show flash command. The Flash contents listing does not include the checksum of individual files. To recompute and verify the image checksum after the image has been copied into Flash memory, use the verify command.

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Note The verify command only performs a check on the integrity of the file after it has been saved in the file system. It is possible for a corrupt image to be transferred to the router and saved in the file system without detection.
To verify that a Cisco IOS software image was not corrupted while it was transfered to the router, copy the image from where it is stored on your router to a Unix server. Also copy the same image from CCO (Cisco.com) to the same Unix server. (The name may need to be modified if you try to save the IOS image in the same directory as the image that you copied from the router.) Now run a Unix diff command on the two Cisco IOS software images. If there is no difference then the IOS image stored on the router has not been corrupted.

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Examples

The following example verifies that the file named c7200-js-mz is on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0:

Router# dir slot0:

Directory of slot0:/

  1  -rw-     4720148   Aug 29 1997 17:49:36  hampton/nitro/c7200-j-mz

  2  -rw-     4767328   Oct 01 1997 18:42:53  c7200-js-mz

  5  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:09:32  rally

  7  -rw-         639   Oct 02 1997 12:37:13  the_time

20578304 bytes total (3104544 bytes free)

tw3-7200-1# verify slot0:

Verify filename []? c7200-js-mz

Verified slot0:

The following example also verifies that the file named c7200-js-mz is on the Flash memory card inserted in slot 0:

Router# verify slot0:?

slot0:c7200-js-mz  slot0:rally slot0:hampton/nitro/c7200-j-mz  slot0:the_time

Router# verify slot0:c7200-js-mz

Verified slot0:c7200-js-mz

Related Commands

Command	Description
cd	Changes the default directory or file system.
copy	Copies any file from a source to a destination, use the copy EXEC command.
dir	Displays a list of files on a file system.
pwd	Shows the current setting of the cd command.
show file systems	Lists available file systems.

write erase

The write erase command has been replaced by the erase nvam: command. Refer to the erase command in this chapter.

write terminal

The more system:running-config command replaces the write terminal command. Refer to the more command for further details.